The initial blast of a nuclear attack might have rendered these basements either buried under many tons of rubble and thus impossible to leave, or removed their upper framework, thus leaving the basements unprotected. These buildings were usually placarded with the yellow and black trefoil sign as shown in the top of this article. Plans were made, however, to use existing buildings with sturdy below-ground-level basements as makeshift fallout shelters. 5 Different types of radiation emitted by falloutÄuring the Cold War many countries built fallout shelters for high-ranking government officials and crucial military facilities.4.2 Measures to lower the gamma dose rate.4 Other matters and simple improvements.3 Protection offered by the solid walls and roof of a structure.
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